Friday, September 27, 2024

Finding Nirvana in Yugoslavia 2024

Day	Date	Programme	Transport	Day spent	Location /Hotel	Time / Tour duration	Night Halt/ Remarks
0	4.10.24	CCU >DEL	Plane - Vistara		Airport	2025-2245 hrs
1	5.10.24	DEL (T-3 - 0740 hrs) (>Helsinki 1415 hrs)	Plane			0740-1415 hrs
1A	5.10.24	Helsinki City tour and Suo-men-linna Island tour	Walk		Airport
1B	6.10.24 6.10.24	Helsinki>Venezia (Venice) Venezia>Zagreb	Plane Bus		Zagreb Hotel 6.10-8.10	0705-0905 hrs 1610-2230 hrs	Zagreb Night Halt 1 - 6.10
2	7.10.24	Esperanto Institute> Zagreb City Tour	walk	Zagreb	Zagreb Hotel	Whole day	Zagreb Night Halt 2 - 7.10
3	8.10.24	Zagreb> Plitvice Lake>Zagreb City Tour	Bus	Zagreb	Zagreb Hotel Check Out	Whole day	Night Bus - 8.10
3A	8.10.24-9.10.24	Zagreb > Split by Night Bus	Bus		Night Bus from Zagreb	2355-0500 hrs	-do-
4	9.10.24	Split >Hvar Island>Split City Tour	Bus	Split	Split Hotel 9.10-10.10	Whole day	Split Night Halt 1 - 9.10
5	10.10.24	Split>Trogir>Sibenik>Split city Tour	Bus	Split	Split Hotel check out	Whole day	Night Bus-10.10
5	11.10.24	Split>Dubrovnik by night bus- get down at Dubrovnik bus station Obala pape Ivana Pavla II 44 , 20000 and take bus 1 to go to Old Town (Stradun)	Bus		Night Bus from Split	0235-0645 hrs	-do-
5A	11.10.24	Dubrovnik city Tour	Bus	Dubrovnik	Dubrovnik Hotel 11.10-13.10	Whole day	Dubrovnik Night Halt 1 - 11.10
6	12.10.24	Dubrovnik > Kotor (Montenegro) >Dubrovnik (by Viator Tour - https://www.viator.com ) Same tour can be done through - https://www.getyourguide.com or https://www.supertours.eu	Bus	Montenegro	Dubrovnik Hotel	Whole day	Dubrovnik Night Halt 2 - 12.10

7	13.10.24	Dubrovnik >Mostar (B&H) >Sarajevo (B&H) Tour - by Van ( by Funky Tour - https://funkytours.com)	Van	B&H	Sarajevo Hotel 13.10-14.10 (B&H)	0800-2100 hrs	Van from Dubrovnik and drop at Sarajevo Sarajevo Night Halt 1 - 13.10
8	14.10.24	Sarajevo city tour	Bus	Sarajevo	Sarajevo Hotel Check out	Whole day	Night Bus 14.10
8A	14.10.24-15.10.24	Sarajevo>Belgrade (Serbia) by bus or get up at Sarajevo and get down at Belgrade - meetbosnia.com	Bus		Night Bus from Sarajevo	2100-0615	-do-

9	15.10.24	Belgrade city tour	Bus	Belgrade	Belgrade Hotel : 15.10-16.10	Whole day	Belgrade Night Halt 1 - 15.10
10	16.10.24	Belgrade city tour (or we may get down at Nis, which is near Skopje)	Bus	Belgrade	Belgrade Hotel Check out	Whole day	Night Bus 16.10
11	16.10.24-17.10.24	Belgrade >Skopje (North Macedonia) by bus	Bus		Night Bus from Belgrade	2130-0600	-do-
11A	17.10.24	Skopje > Pristina (Kosovo) > Prizren (Kosovo) > Pristina > Skopje (Local bus) or by conducted tour www.getyourguide.com / https://www.viator.com / https://www.skopjedailytours.com / https://www.civitatis.com / https://www.outdoortrip.com / www.tripspoint.com / freeskopjetours.com / givinggetaway.com / www.bookmundi.com / www.booking.com / sondortravel.com / www.expedia.com / balkandestination.com (from Pristina)	Bus	Kosovo	Skopje Hotel 17.10-18.10	Whole day	Skopje Night Halt 1 - 17.10 or https://getbybus.com (not a tour, but a bus Company) or tourscanner.com/s/skopje/i/kosovo (not a tour, but an aggregator) or www.tripadvisor.in
12	18.10.24	Skopje > Ohrid >Skopje by Flix Bus ( not a conducted Tour) (or by a conducted tour - www.getyourguide.com )	Bus	Skopje	Skopje Hotel Check out	Whole day	Night flight 19.10
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13	19.10.24	Skopje > Ljubljana	Plane			0410-0855	-do-
14	19.10.24	Ljubljana Airport > Lake Blade>City Tour - by local bus ( or funkytours.com - this tour can be done from Zagreb)	Bus and walking tour	Slovenia	Ljubljana Hotel 19.10-20.10	Whole day	Night Bus 20.10
16	20.10.24	Ljubljana bus Station > Venice Airport	Bus		Bus	0110-0435	-do-
16	20.10.24	Venice> Helsinki	Plane			0950-1340
16	20.10 - 21.10.24	Helsinki > Delhi (T3)	Plane		Plane	1830-0520
17	21.10.24	Delhi (T3) > CCU	Plane			0945-1205

Our Route - https://maps.app.goo.gl/y3SMyszbdtG2yiNz8

1 Croatian Currency ( now Euro) = 90 INR (previously 1 Croatian Kruna = 12 INR)

1 Montenegro Currency (same as Euro) = 90 INR

1 Bosnia & Herzgovia Mark (Mark or BAM) = 47 INR ( or say 50 )

1 Serbian Dinar (Denar or RSD) = 80 paise or 0.80 INR

1 Macedonian Denar (Denar or MKD) = 1.50 INR

1 Kosovo Currency (Euro) = 90 INR

1 Slovenian Currency (Euro) = 90 INR (previously 1 Slovenian Tolar = 0.25 INR)

Address of Accomodation / Halt:

0.0 Helsinki Airport Hotel (CCU>Delhi>Helsinki>Venezia/Venice)

1.0 Venezia Marco Polo Airport - https://maps.app.goo.gl/rvZkcemceghp9HZQ8

1.1. Venice Mestre (Stazione FS) -Viale Stazione 8/8c, 30171 Mestre

1.20 Zagreb (bus station), Avenija Marina Držića 4,10000 Zagreb

1.25 Yugoslavia-Croatia Zagreb Airbnb Hrvoje Babic (6.10-8.10)

Ul. grada Vukovara 253, 10000, Zagreb

From Zagreb bus stop to Airbnb -7 minutes walk

Check in time (1300 hrs) / Check out time (1000 hrs)

2.0 Split Bus Stop : Obala kneza Domagoja 12, 21000 , Split

2.1 Yugoslavia-Croatia Split Private Accommodation Raspudic Booking.com (9.10-10.10)

Tolstojeva 33, 21000 Split, Croatia

From Split bus stop to Airbnb : 8 minutes walk

Check in time (1400 hrs) / Check out time (1000 hrs)

3.0 Dubrovnik Bus stop : Obala pape Ivana Pavla II 44, 20000 , Dubrovnik

3.1 Yugoslavia Croatia Dubrovnic Airbnb Vukosava - Co-host Nikola (11.10-13.10)

Petilovrijenci ul. 9 , 20000, Dubrovnik HR

From bus Station to Airbnb at Stadun - https://maps.app.goo.gl/zfJp3gfeCCJKDyRLA

Check in time (1300 hrs) / Check out time - (1000 hrs)

Direction :From main bus station wait for bus number 1A, 1B or number 3. Then get down at Pile gate in front of the Old town to reach the Airbnb

4.0 Sarajevo Bus stop : Besarina Čikma 5, 71000 Sarajevo

4.1 Yugoslavia B&H Sarajevo Airbnb Asko (13.10-14.10)

Sagrdžije 6 , 71000 Sarajevo BA

From Sarajevo bus stop at Baščaršija to Airbnb : 2 minutes

Check in time (1500 hrs) / Check out time (1100 hrs) - ok

4.2 Sarajevo Bus Stop - Put života 8 , 71000 , Sarajevo

Sarajevo Airbnb to Sarajevo Bus Station - https://maps.app.goo.gl/35KoXvgyZoxVXVtP6

5.1 Belgrade Bus Stop : Antifašističke borbe 2, Belgrade

5.2 Yugoslavia Serbia Belgrade Downtown Belgrade Hostel and Apartments Booking.com (15.10-16.10)

Karadjordjeva 91, Savski Venac, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia RS

5.3 Belgrade bus stop to Airbnb - https://maps.app.goo.gl/PWyQK2RruusB2ANe9

Check in time (00 00 hrs) / Check out time (1200 hrs)

6.0 Skopje Bus stop : Nikola Karev

6.1 Yugoslavia North Macedonia Skopje Central City Apartment Booking.com (17.10-18.10)

Street 706 No.17/3 Apartment 36, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia

Skopje Bus stop to hotel - 3 minutes

Check in time (14 00 hrs) / Check out time (1100 hrs)

7.0 Ljubljana airport

7.1 Yugoslavia Slovenia Ljubljana Fluxus Hostel Booking.com (19.10-20.10)

Tomšičeva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

City centre to hotel : https://maps.app.goo.gl/YHiMYGVuHuPk4RcN6

Check in time (13 00 hrs) / Check out time (1100 hrs) - not relevant for us, since we are leaving early

4.10.24

I went to the airport directly from home. The traffic was minimal, as it was the second day (Dwitiya) of Durga Puja. Thanks to Massart, I had the opportunity to see all the famous Pujas of Kolkata. We hired a car from our trusted contact, Dipankar, at the rate of ₹2,500–3,000 per night (@Ertiga), from 9:00 PM to 5:30 AM for 3.10 and 4.10.24

We took a Vistara flight from CCU (Kolkata) at 8:25 PM and arrived at Delhi's T3 terminal at 10:40 PM. The return fare was quite high, at ₹17,398 per person for a round trip. The airfare has significantly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. We had to wait for the morning flight to Helsinki (from T3).

5.10.24

Day 0 : (05.10.24 - Saturday) : Delhi (T-3) : 0740 hrs > Helsinki : 1415 hrs (flight time 6.35 hrs)

Morning Journey and Arrival in Helsinki

In the morning, we took a Finnair flight from T3, with a fare of approximately ₹38,000. We managed to get a good deal, and the food on board was excellent. We arrived in Helsinki at 14:15 hrs and used the rest of the day for a half-day city tour, including a ferry trip to Suomenlinna Island.

About Finland and Lapland

Finland, with its capital in Helsinki, covers an area of about 338,000 sq km, roughly 4 times the size of West Bengal. The country has a per capita income of USD 54,000. Finnish Lapland, often referred to as the home of Santa Claus, features attractions such as Santa Claus Village and Santa Park in Rovaniemi. Lapland, a region within the Arctic Circle, spans northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Known as the Land of the Midnight Sun, Lapland is famous for its Northern Lights, reindeer, and unique Arctic experiences.

Layover and Complimentary Stay

As our next flight, originally scheduled for 18:00 hrs on the same day, was rescheduled to 07:30 hrs the next morning, Finnair provided us with complimentary accommodation. They arranged two apartments within the airport complex, along with dinner and breakfast. After checking in, we immediately set off for our day tour.

Helsinki Airport to City Centre

The quickest and most convenient way to travel from Helsinki Airport to the city center / Central Station is via the Finnair Airport Train. Trains run every 15 minutes during the day, with a journey time of approximately 30 minutes. Tickets cost €4.15 per adult and can be purchased from ticket machines at the airport. To reach the train station, follow signs marked “Trains” or “Juna” (Finnish for train). The station, located underground beneath the airport terminal at Aviapolis, is accessible via elevators or escalators.

Helsinki Central Station (17:00 hrs)

Esplanadi Park

Esplanadi Park is a beautiful park in the heart of Helsinki, ideal for a leisurely stroll. The Esplanade, a popular promenade, is the perfect spot to unwind and soak in the city's vibrant atmosphere. You might encounter street performers or artists showcasing their talents, making it a lively spot for both locals and tourists. If you're hungry, grab a quick bite from one of the kiosks selling street food like sausages or potato patties (pasteveja) before continuing your exploration.

At the end of Esplanadi Park is Market Square, where we met Saroar Hossain (https://www.facebook.com/refresh.sarwar), a Bangladeshi who has been in Helsinki for 21 years. He works in a departmental store and described his journey as coming "from darkness to light." Interestingly, he shared that he now identifies as agnostic. Saroar kindly accompanied us to Market Square.

Market Square

Market Square is a bustling marketplace filled with stalls selling food, crafts, and souvenirs. We tried some seasonal berries and grabbed light snacks like bread topped with smoked salmon. From here, we purchased ferry tickets to visit Suomenlinna. As we were only staying for a day, we did not buy the Helsinki Region Transport (HSL) pass. The ferry ticket cost around €2.

Saroar joined us on the ferry to Suomenlinna but didn’t get off the island, as his work started at 6:30 PM.

Ferry to Suomen-linna

We took the ferry at 6:10 PM from Market Square to Suomenlinna, a fascinating sea fortress and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ferry ride offered beautiful views of Helsinki's archipelago.

Once on the island, we explored its historic sites at our own pace. Suomenlinna, also known as Sveaborg, was built starting in 1748 under the supervision of Swedish Admiral Augustin Ehrensvärd. Over the years, it has served as a defense base for the Kingdom of Sweden, the Russian Empire, and, most recently, the Republic of Finland.

Interesting spots we visited on the island included:

King’s Gate: The main entrance to Suomenlinna.
Suomenlinna Church: A stunning stone church on the island

After exploring the island and enjoying its serene atmosphere, we headed back to Helsinki on the 8:17 PM ferry.

Helsinki Cathedral

A short 5-minute walk from the pier took us to Helsinki Cathedral, an iconic symbol of the city. This Lutheran cathedral, with its grand neoclassical architecture, is breathtaking. Unfortunately, the cathedral was under renovation during our visit, so we could not climb the steps for panoramic city views.

Senate Square

Just in front of Helsinki Cathedral lies Senate Square, a historical square surrounded by notable buildings, including the Government Palace and the University of Helsinki.

Uspenski Cathedral

A short 5-minute walk brought us to Uspenski Cathedral, the largest Orthodox church in Western Europe. Its grandeur and beautiful architecture were awe-inspiring.

Aleksanterinkatu and Stockmann

We took a stroll down Aleksanterinkatu, Helsinki's main street, lined with shops and bustling with energy. One highlight was the Stockmann department store, one of the oldest and largest stores in Finland.

Missed Attractions

Due to time constraints, we couldn’t visit:

Kamppi Chapel of Silence: A modern Lutheran chapel near Helsinki Central Station, known for its wave-like wooden walls and tranquil atmosphere. It’s an ideal place to reflect after a day of sightseeing.
Temppeliaukio Rock Church: A unique church carved into granite rock with a copper dome. It is known for its striking design and hosts concerts in the evenings.

Return to Airport

Train to Helsinki Airport and Dinner at Airport Hotel

We took a train from Helsinki Central Station and reached the airport at 10:20 PM. On the way, a kind individual from Ethiopia helped us by calling our airport hotel to inform them that we would be arriving 10–20 minutes late. Thankfully, the hotel staff accommodated us, even though dinner service was scheduled to end at 10:00 PM.

After having dinner, we went to bed early to rest and prepare for our early morning flight to Venice at 7:05 AM.

Tips for Travelers

Train Tickets: You can purchase a Helsinki Region Transport (HSL) ticket at the airport or via the HSL app.
Ferry Tickets: Tickets for the Suomenlinna ferry are available at the terminal or through the HSL app.
Weather in October: Expect chilly weather—dress warmly and carry an umbrella.
Dining Options: If you're on budget, grab a quick meal at Market Square or near Helsinki Central Station before heading to the airport.

6.10.24

Journey from Helsinki to Venice

After having a sumptuous breakfast (unbelieveable spread), we took a flight from Helsinki at 07:05 hrs and landed in Venice at 09:05 hrs. Upon arrival, we boarded the airport express bus for €10 per person to reach Venice Mestre. Mestre, along with Padua, is considered a "satellite city" of Venice, where hotel prices are significantly lower than in Venice itself.

Unexpected Delay and Lunch

Our FlixBus, initially scheduled to depart at 11:50 hrs, was delayed and finally departed at 16:10 hrs. While waiting, we had lunch at a Bangladeshi restaurant near the Venice Mestre bus stop and enjoyed some delicious gelato for €2 each. We saw many Bangladeshis in that place - one salon had picuture of Mithun Chakrborty on it !

Meeting a Traveler from Haryana

At the bus stop, we met a man from Haryana. He shared his remarkable plan to travel to Mexico from Madrid and walk 22 km to cross into the USA, where his brother resides. To prepare for the journey, he carried only a 15-20 L backpack, designed for long walks. Unfortunately, he had been denied entry at the airport and was returning to Zagreb, his workplace. We learned that many people from North India live in Croatia, often using it as a base to access wealthier parts of Europe. It reminded me of the movie Dunki.

Journey to Zagreb and Arrival

Our FlixBus departed at 16:10 hrs and reached Zagreb at 23:00 hrs. Fortunately, our Airbnb was close to the bus station. The man from Haryana kindly assisted us by using his local SIM card to help us navigate to the Airbnb. He also helped us purchase a SIM card for ourselves for just €2.

Before arriving at our Airbnb, we had dinner at a restaurant in the bus station, which offered several good dining options. The Haryanvi traveler was in a tight spot—if he failed to report to work the next day, he risked losing his job. Out of compassion, we allowed him to stay in our apartment for the night. His friend planned to pick him up in the morning.

7.10.24

Meeting at the Croatian Esperanto League

Early in the morning, our guest departed. We were scheduled to meet Spomeca Stimec, Secretary of the Kroata Esperanto Ligo (Croatian Esperanto League), at Vodnikova Street 9, Zagreb.

Our organization, Samatat Sanstha, had previously collaborated with the European Union to publish two notable books translated into Esperanto-Bengali:

The Brave Adventures of Lapitch by Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (known as the "Croatian Andersen") or হ্লাপিচের কাণ্ড, translated by Probal Dasgupta.
I Would Like to Touch the Sun by Tone Partljič, a Slovene writer and playwright, or সূর্যটাকে ছুঁতে চেয়েছিলাম, translated by Probal Dasgupta and Malshree Dasgupta.

These beautifully crafted books, with remarkable introductions, were formally handed over to Spomeca Stimec. The second book, in particular, offers fascinating insights into the region during the backdrop of World War II.

Exploring Zagreb in a Day

After breakfast with her, we embarked on a city tour. The Croatian Esperanto League office is conveniently located close to the city center.

Understanding Zagreb's Layout:

Zagreb is split into two distinct parts:

Upper Town (Gornji Grad): Known for its medieval charm, this area features narrow, winding cobblestone streets and historical architecture.
Lower Town (Donji Grad): Characterized by wide boulevards, modern architecture, and spacious urban areas.

Most of Zagreb's iconic tourist spots are in the Upper Town, making it the ideal focus for a single day in the city.

Sightseeing Highlights

From the Croatian Esperanto League office, our first stop was the Croatian National Theatre, a stunning neo-Baroque masterpiece. It is located just 650 meters from the Esperanto League office. Commissioned in 1895 by Franz Joseph I, the Croatian National Theatre aka HNK Zagreb is an architectural masterpiece and a core of the performing arts scene in Zagreb. Apart from being an important cultural landmark, the saffron-colored building is also a major architectural landmark.

From there, we walked another 850 meters to reach Ban Josip Jelačić Square, the heart of Zagreb and a popular gathering place surrounded by historic landmarks.

Ban Josip Jelacic Square

After a hearty breakfast, we began our exploration in the heart of the city at Ban Josip Jelačić Square, the main city square that is always buzzing with life. Dotted with modern buildings, restaurants, cafes, and shops, the square serves as the primary junction for trams and pedestrians. A prominent statue of Ban Josip Jelačić, the erstwhile governor of Croatia, graces the square. At the other end of the square, we tossed a coin into the Manduševac Fountain and made a wish—because you never know!

Located on the famous shopping street of Ilica, bordering Ban Josip Jelačić Square, is a plain-looking building that was once considered the most modern in the former Yugoslavia: the Zagreb Neboder, or Zagreb Skyscraper. At first glance, you wouldn’t imagine what the top (16th) floor of this otherwise ordinary-looking high-rise holds. It houses the Zagreb 360° Observation Deck, also known as Zagreb Eye, which is famous for its breathtaking views over the city of Zagreb and beyond.

The ticket is valid for the entire day, allowing multiple visits. However, we chose not to visit the observation deck during our trip.

Shop Local Flavors at Dolac Market

Dolac is the biggest open-air local farmers’ market in Zagreb, and it’s hard to miss with its bright red umbrellas visible from the main square.

Operating since 1930, the market features stalls selling a variety of fresh, local produce. You’ll find everything from meat, local fish, baked goods, dairy products, and flowers to fruits, vegetables, and traditional souvenirs. The market operates from 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM from Monday to Saturday, and from 7:00 AM to 1:00 PM on Sundays.

During my visit, I enjoyed the lively atmosphere and admired the colorful displays of fresh produce and flowers. It truly offered a glimpse into the everyday life and culture of Zagreb.

Admire Zagreb Cathedral/Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saints Stephen and Ladislav

A short uphill walk from the main square took us to Kaptol Square, home to the grand Zagreb Cathedral. Dating back to the 11th century, this Neo-Gothic cathedral, with its soaring twin towers, looks absolutely stunning. The interiors are equally impressive, with intricate details and a serene atmosphere.

Over the years, the cathedral has undergone several renovations to preserve its historic grandeur. During our visit, restoration work was still ongoing, a testament to the continuous effort to maintain this iconic landmark.

(From Zagreb Cathedral we did the walking tour suggested LP, which ends near Dolac Market in reverse order)

Ride the Funicular to Upper Town

You can walk uphill to explore the remaining attractions of the Upper Town, but how can you miss the fun of riding the world’s shortest funicular (66m) and Zagreb’s oldest means of public transportation? The ride takes a little less than 60 seconds!

If you have a Zagreb card, the ride comes free. However it was not operational , when we went there.

Walk along the Peaceful Strossmayer Promenade

We took a leisurely stroll along the lush green haven known as Strossmayer Promenade, also called Zagreb Stross.

The promenade was wonderfully peaceful, offering a serene escape from the city's bustle. The panoramic views of Zagreb from this vantage point were truly stunning and added to the charm of the walk.

As we strolled along, we paused by the silver statue of the renowned Croatian poet, Antun Gustav Matoš, gracefully seated on a bench. It felt like a perfect spot to soak in the tranquility and admire the beauty of the surroundings.

Watch Out for the Noon Gric Cannon shot at Lotrscak Tower (part of walking tour of LP)

Lotrscak Tower is a medieval tower that fires a cannon every day over the city exactly at noon supposedly to celebrate the victory of Zagreb over the Turks. The tradition goes back to about 1877. Climb the narrow steps to reach the lookout post and be fascinated by the birds-eye view over Zagreb. We were late, so we missed it.

Let Your Emotions be Evoked at Museum of Broken Relationships

Zagreb is known for its unique museums and the Museum of Broken Relationships is no different. The museum dearly treasures the items that are remnants of love and relationships that failed each accompanied by a story, some sad, some heartwarming, and some funny. Know that you will go through a range of emotions. I did not have time to go there.

A little about 400m walk from the museum is a lovely restaurant, Stari Fijaker. If you want to try traditional Croatian food, it’s your best bet.We did not have not time to go there.

Marvel at the Beauty of St. Mark’s church (part of walking tour of LP)

Not as grand as Zagreb Cathedral, St. Mark’s Church with its signature polychromed tiled roof remains the icon and a poster child of Zagreb. The colorful roof adorns the coats of arms of the city of Zagreb and the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia. Dominating St. Mark’s Square, the church is one of the oldest monuments in Zagreb.

You can witness the stunning interiors only during the daily mass that takes place at 6 pm from Monday to Friday, 7:30 am on Saturdays, and 10:30 am to 6 pm on Sundays. If you happen to visit between April and October, plan a visit to the church during weekends at noon to attend the changing of the guard ceremony.

Note: If you are visiting Zagreb just for a day, you’d have to choose if you want to watch the cannon firing at Lotrscak Tower or witness the changing of the guard ceremony at St. Mark’s Church.

Walk Through the Stone Gate (Kamenita Vrata) : (part of walking tour of LP)

The Stone Gate is the only preserved medieval town gate out of the four gates. It’s used as a passageway from Upper Town to Lower Town and vice versa. But it’s not just a gate. Its archway is home to a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, a guardian saint of Zagreb. It has a painting of the Virgin Mary, which is considered miraculous. In fact, the Stone Gate Chapel is Zagreb’s most important sacred and religious site.

The chapel hosts a painting of the Virgin Mary with a child that remained undamaged during the great fire of 1731 in Gradec. Locals believe the painting protects Zagreb from troubles and always answers the prayers.

Walk the Gric Tunnel

Close to the Stone Gate is the Gric Tunnel. Set up in 1943, during World War II to be used as a bomb shelter, the tunnel was opened to the public after a renovation in 2016. Admission to the tunnel is free and open from 9 am to 9 pm.

Stroll Tkalciceva Street

It’s time to head down to a lovely pedestrian street, Tkalciceva, Zagreb’s vibrant heart. Sprinkled with chic boutiques, traditional shops, cafes, and restaurants – it’s an ideal place to drop in for a much-needed coffee break. However we did not eat there.

Shopping at Ilica Street (part of walking tour of LP)

Ilica Street is one of the longest (over 6 km long) shopping streets in Zagreb. From expensive high-end brands to reasonably priced and cheap items, the street has something for everyone. There are a ton of restaurants, cafes, bakeries, and bars along the way.You can walk the entire length of the street and take a tram back to the main square. We had our dinner cum lunch in one of the restauratns here.

Croatian National Theatre: On the way back we again saw this magnificent building again.

Tomislav Square

It was time to take rest at the Tomislav Square. The surrounding King Tomislav Square is a beautiful green space perfect for a relaxing stroll. At the end of the square is Glavni Kolodvor or main railway station of Zagreb. We spent some time here.

Sadly we did not have time to dine at La Struk .They serve the very good Strukli - a traditional Croatian specialty.

Then we took the tram to reach our Airbnb. We were in touch wiht Giacomo and his girlfriend. They came all the way by their car from Padua (Italy) to meet us. They stayed in our Airbnb. They brought their sleeping bag and slept on the floor ! They joined us quite late.

Other Beautiful Places to Add to Your Zagreb Itinerary

Mirogoj Cemetery (rec by LP)

It is 30 minute walk through leafy street from Zagreb Cathedral. Located outside the city center, on the slopes of the Medvednica mountain, Mirogoj with its seemingly endless arcades draped by lush climbing ivy is utterly gorgeous and peaceful. The location, the architecture, the surroundings, the history, the vibes – everything adds to the beauty and significance of the cemetery.

Ironically, it’s one of the most attractive and instagrammable places in Zagreb. In fact, it’s often counted as one of the most beautiful cemeteries in Europe.

One day in Zagreb is enough to uncover its soul. Zagreb is amazingly walkable, making exploring easy and fun without feeling rushed. Thus, you can effortlessly cover the highlights of Zagreb in 24 hours.

Source : Chatgpt and

https://travelmelodies.com/one-day-in-zagreb-itinerary/?unapproved=24116&moderation-hash=3e0c37b26091dc89051b80dd8d09fbc6#comment-24116

https://travelmelodies.com/category/europe/croatia/

8.10.24

A day trip to Plitvice Lake

There are frequent buses from Zagreb to Plitvice Lakes, and you can purchase tickets online in advance or directly at the bus station. In some cases, tickets can also be bought on the bus itself. Major bus operators on this route include Prijevoz Knežević, Croatia Bus, Globtour, and Arriva. Platforms like Get By Bus and FlixBus make online booking easy and convenient.

Buses operate from 5:45 AM to 7:15 PM, and the journey takes between 1 hour 45 minutes and 2 hours 40 minutes, depending on the route and bus company. If you also want to visit Rastoke, a picturesque watermill village often called "the small Plitvice," consider taking a group tour that includes both destinations.

However, in our case, we checked out of our Airbnb in the morning and left our luggage in the trunk of Giacomo's car, before heading to Plitvice Lakes. Along the way, we stopped for breakfast at a petrol station café, a common practice in Croatia, where many highway gas stations serve excellent coffee and pastries.

About Plitvice Lakes National Park

Established in 1949, Plitvice Lakes is Croatia’s oldest and largest national park, covering 73,350 acres (296.85 sq km). It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 due to its extraordinary natural beauty and geological significance.

Despite its serene landscape today, Plitvice has a turbulent past. In 1991, as Yugoslavia disintegrated, the park became the site of the Plitvice Lakes Incident, a confrontation between Croatian police forces and Serbian rebels, marking the first armed conflict of the Croatian War of Independence. The battle, known as Plitvice Bloody Easter, resulted in the death of Josip Jović, the first Croatian casualty of the war. The park remained under occupation until 1995, when it was recaptured during Operation Storm.

Exploring the Park

Plitvice Lakes consists of 16 interconnected lakes, separated by natural barriers of travertine (tufa), a type of limestone continuously formed by mineral deposits. These lakes are divided into 2 clusters:

Upper Lakes (12 lakes) – Larger, calmer, surrounded by dense forest.
Lower Lakes (4 lakes) – Smaller, dramatic, featuring steeper cliffs and the iconic Veliki Slap, Croatia’s tallest waterfall at 78 meters (256 feet).

The park offers 8 well-marked self-guided routes (4 circular trails per entrance), ranging from 4 to 18 kilometers, depending on the starting point and available time.

We chose one of the Programs of A . Programs are A(2–3 hours) or Program B (3–4 hours) and bought our tickets at the counter. Fortunately, there was no long queue, and it took us less than 10 minutes to get our entry passes. The park was breathtaking, and I can confidently say it’s the most beautiful lake I’ve ever visited.

Before starting the hike, we had lunch at one of the designated restaurants inside the park, as food options inside are limited, once you begin your walk.

Return to Zagreb & Journey to Split

After spending a fantastic day at Plitvice, we drove back to Zagreb. On the way, we stopped for dinner at a Bosniak restaurant, where we enjoyed delicious ćevapi (grilled minced meat sausages) and somun (Bosnian flatbread).

Giacomo, who had been driving, insisted on covering the cost of the road trip to the park, despite our attempts to contribute. Once back in Zagreb, he dropped us off at the bus station, from where we boarded an overnight bus to Split, our next destination.

Final Thoughts

Plitvice Lakes exceeded all expectations. Its crystal-clear lakes, cascading waterfalls, and tranquil hiking trails made for an unforgettable experience. The mix of natural beauty and historical significance added depth to the visit. If you're in Croatia, a trip to Plitvice is absolutely worth it—whether as a day trip from Zagreb or a stopover en route to the Dalmatian coast.

You can also visit Plitvice Lake from Split.

Useful blog : https://travelmelodies.com/plitvice-lakes-national-park-croatia/

Tour which you can book : https://www.getyourguide.com/zagreb-l803/from-zagreb-full-day-plitvice-lakes-rastoke-group-tour-t126419/?ranking_uuid=4c3613f2-bc80-4b65-9c55-d09587a88120

9.10.24

We arrived in Split early in the morning at 5:30 AM. Our apartment was within walking distance from the bus station, making the transition smooth. Although check-in wasn’t available yet, we were allowed to leave our luggage in the apartment and use the toilet. A strong cup of coffee at the café next door was exactly what we needed to shake off the exhaustion. Energized and ready, we set out to explore this historic coastal city.

Split, the second-largest city in Croatia after Zagreb, is the heart of the Dalmatian region. A city that seamlessly blends Roman heritage, medieval architecture, and modern coastal charm, it is no wonder that Split has become a must-visit destination for travelers.

A Glimpse into Split’s History

Split’s history dates back to the 3rd and 4th centuries BC, when it was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos. However, it truly gained prominence in 305 AD when Roman Emperor Diocletian chose it as the site for his grand retirement palace. During Diocletian's reign (284–305 AD), one of the biggest geopolitical challenges was the Roman–Persian conflict. Armenia, positioned between these two superpowers. Armenia had long been a buffer state between Rome and Persia. Under King Tiridates III of Armenia, Armenia aligned itself with the Romans. King Narseh of Persia, tried to regain control over Armenia, overthrowing Tiridates III in the early 290s AD. Around 298 AD, Diocletian and his co-emperor Galerius led a military campaign against Persia. In the Battle of Satala (298 AD), Galerius decisively defeated King Narseh. This victory resulted in the Treaty of Nisibis (298 AD), which established Roman dominance over Armenia, restoring Tiridates III as King of Armenia. After being restored to the throne, Tiridates III converted to Christianity in 301 AD, making Armenia the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion.

Over the centuries, Split has witnessed numerous rulers—Byzantines, Venetians, Croatians, Austrians, Italians, and even Germans during World War II. The city was later part of Yugoslavia before Croatia gained independence in 1991. Despite its turbulent past, Split has remarkably preserved its Roman roots, making it home to some of the best-preserved Roman ruins outside of Italy.

Located on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, Split’s strategic position has long made it an important trade and transport hub. Today, it is not just a historical treasure but also the main gateway to Croatia’s stunning islands, including Hvar, Vis, and Brač. People generally visits these 3 Islands.

How Many Days in Split?

We spent 2 days in Split:

Day 1: Exploring Hvar Island and Old City
Day 2: Visiting Trogir and Šibenik as day trips from Split

After a leisurely morning, we walked to the pier and bought tickets for the 9:00 AM ferry to Hvar Island.

🏝️ Hvar: A Sun-Kissed Island of History and Beauty - a day Trip to Hvar

Known as the sunniest island in Croatia, Hvar receives 2,700 hours of sunshine per year.

Located in the Adriatic Sea off the Dalmatian coast of Croatia, Hvar is one of the most popular and sunniest islands in Europe, known for its lavender fields, crystal-clear waters. Hvar, boasts a rich history dating back to ancient Greek settlers (384 BC). It was ruled by Venice in the Middle ages. Its architecture reflects Renaissance charm.

Historically, Hvar was a key naval base for the Venetian Empire and has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Its strategic location made it a center of trade, culture, and power. The island flourished during the 13th–18th centuries under Venetian rule, evident from the well-preserved architecture in Hvar Town.

🌟 Top Attractions:

Fortica (Španjola Fortress): A medieval fortress offering stunning panoramic views of Hvar Town and the Pakleni Islands. You can reach it by climbing a series of stone steps and paths. When we climbed to the top of the Fortica for the breathtaking views, Mohua paused midway, resting on one of the old stone staircases—perhaps soaking in the sea breeze and the magic of the island in her own quiet way. However we did not enter the fort by paying a steep fee. But nonetheless we had the grand view of the Island even without entering the fort.
St. Stephen’s Cathedral and Square: The elegant 16th-century cathedral anchors the largest square in Dalmatia.

Many travelers opt to spend a night or two on these islands, but we returned to Split by 4:00 PM.It is a 1 hour journey

Exploring Split’s Old Town & Diocletian’s Palace

The heart of Split lies within Diocletian’s Palace, which is not just a monument but a living city, home to 3,000 residents. The palace has four grand entrances, each leading to its historic center, Peristyle Square:

Bronze Gate (South Gate) – Leads directly to the sea
Iron Gate (West Gate) – Opens into People’s Square (Narodni Trg)
Golden Gate (North Gate) – The grandest entrance
Silver Gate (East Gate) – Used as the main entry point today

Our walking tour of Split began at the Golden Gate, near the Gregory of Nin Statue (Grgur Ninski). This 28-foot-tall statue was sculpted by Ivan Meštrović, Croatia’s most famous sculptor. Rubbing its toe is believed to bring good luck, so we made sure not to do that before starting our tour!

Diocletian’s Palace (UNESCO Heritage Site)

The most well-preserved Roman structure outside of Rome, Diocletian’s Palace was built in 305 AD as the retirement home of Emperor Diocletian. Unlike most palaces, this was not just a residence but a fortress, housing both military garrisons and the emperor’s luxurious apartments.

The palace’s basement is famously featured in Game of Thrones, where Daenerys kept her dragons. As we entered through the Brass Gate, we walked through souvenir stalls before reaching the Peristyle.

Peristyle

The central square of the palace, Peristyle, is surrounded by:

The Split Cathedral & Bell Tower on the eastern side
The Vestibule of the Emperor’s Quarters on the southern side

This was once the ceremonial court, where Diocletian would appear on a raised platform, and subjects would kneel before him. Today, the square is full of tourists enjoying its Roman and Egyptian architectural influences, taking photos with men dressed as gladiators, or relaxing at Café Luxor, which offers seating on ancient Roman steps.

Vestibule

The circular entrance hall to Diocletian’s private quarters, the Vestibule, once had a grand dome, though it collapsed centuries ago. Today, its open ceiling offers a beautiful view of the sky. Due to its exceptional acoustics, it is still used for traditional Dalmatian klapa (a cappella) performances.

The Cathedral of St. Domnius

Originally built as Diocletian’s Mausoleum, this structure was converted into a cathedral in the 7th century, making it one of the oldest Catholic cathedrals still in use today. The bell tower, built in the 13th century, took nearly 300 years to complete. Climbing it rewards you with stunning 360° views of Split.

Nearby is the Let Me Pass Street (Pusti me da Prođem), one of the narrowest streets in the world, located next to the Temple of Jupiter.

🔹 Entry to Diocletian’s Palace is free, but some attractions inside, like the Cathedral, Bell Tower, and Cellars, require tickets. We did not go inside.

Sunset at Riva Promenade

After exploring the Old Town, we strolled down Riva Promenade, the lively waterfront stretch just outside the palace walls. This palm-lined promenade is packed with cafés, bars, and restaurants, offering stunning views of the Adriatic Sea. If you stay here till late evening, you can often catch a live musical performance.

🔹 Fun Fact: The ferries to different Croatian islands depart from Riva Promenade, making it the perfect place to plan your next adventure!

Mohua skipped Diocletian’s Palace and Riva Promenade, heading straight to the apartment after returning from Hvar Island. While we ate near the bus stand , we took dinner for her from the market near the bus station.

10.10.24

A Day Trip to Trogir & Šibenik: Exploring Croatia’s Coastal Gems

After a quick breakfast, we walked to the local bus station to catch a bus to Trogir. We took local Bus 37 from Sukoisanska Bus Station in Split, which runs frequently and takes about 40 minutes to reach Trogir. Located just 30 km west of Split, Trogir is a stunning coastal town known for its well-preserved medieval architecture.

For those visiting during the peak season, ferries also operate between Split and Trogir, offering a more scenic route that takes about an hour.

Trogir - A UNESCO-Protected Gem

We began our exploration in Trogir’s historic city center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. The Old Town is uniquely situated on a small island, connected to the mainland and the island of Čiovo by bridges.

Dating back to the 3rd century BC, Trogir was originally founded by Greek colonists from Vis before flourishing under Roman and Venetian rule. The city’s rich heritage is reflected in its Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture.

Landmarks of Trogir

🔹 Cathedral of St. Lawrence (Katedrala Sv. Lovre)

One of Trogir’s most impressive landmarks, this Romanesque-Gothic cathedral is famous for its intricate portal, crafted by Master Radovan in 1240. We climbed to the top of its bell tower, which offered one of the most breathtaking views of the Adriatic, I have ever seen. The entry fee was €5, and it was well worth it! The cathedral carries special meaning to us, since we have studied in St Lawrence School in Kolkata.

🔹 Kamerlengo Castle & St. Mark’s Tower

Walking along the waterfront promenade, we reached Kamerlengo Castle, a 15th-century Venetian fortress offering panoramic views of Trogir’s coastline. Originally built as a naval defense base, it now serves as a venue for concerts and events. Adjacent to it is St. Mark’s Tower, which once formed part of the city’s fortifications.

🔹 City Loggia & Clock Tower

Located in the main square, the City Loggia dates back to the 15th century and showcases Renaissance architecture. The Clock Tower, once part of the Church of St. Sebastian, is another defining feature of the Old Town.

🔹 Cipiko Palace

This Gothic-Renaissance mansion was the residence of the Cipiko family, one of the most influential noble families in medieval Trogir. Its ornate façade and intricate Venetian-style windows stand out among the city’s many historical buildings.

After a few hours of wandering through Trogir’s charming streets, we had to choose between visiting Šibenik or taking a day trip to Klis Fortress from Split.

Perched on a hilltop above Split, Klis Fortress is a strategic stronghold that dates back to the Illyrian period (2nd century BC). Over the centuries, it was occupied by Romans, Ottomans, Venetians, and Austrians. Today, it is most famous for its role as Meereen in Game of Thrones. Bus numbers 22, 35, and 36 from Split take you to the fortress, and it’s open from 9 AM to 4 PM daily. It is very near Split.

However, we decided to head further west to Šibenik instead.

Šibenik: The Hidden Coastal Jewel

From Trogir, we took another local bus to Šibenik, a historic town located 80 km from Split. Unlike Split and Trogir, which were influenced by Greek and Roman civilizations, Šibenik is unique because it was founded by Croats in the 11th century.

While less touristy than Split or Dubrovnik, Šibenik is an architectural treasure, known for its stone streets, fortresses, and breathtaking coastal views.

Top Attractions in Šibenik

🔹 St. James Cathedral (Katedrala Sv. Jakova) – A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Arguably Šibenik’s most famous landmark, this 16th-century masterpiece is entirely built of stone, without the use of wood or binding materials. The cathedral features intricate stone carvings, including 71 sculpted faces of locals from the time of its construction. This unique feature makes it one of the most remarkable churches in Croatia.

🔹 St. Michael’s Fortress

Offering spectacular views over the Adriatic, this fortress was originally built to defend the city from Venetian attacks. Today, it hosts open-air concerts and cultural events.

🔹 St. Nicholas Fortress

Built in the 16th century to protect Šibenik from Ottoman invasions, this fortress is situated at the entrance of St. Anthony’s Channel. It is now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

We spent time wandering the Old Town’s labyrinthine streets, enjoying the authentic Croatian atmosphere before catching a bus back to Split.

Other Noteworthy Places in Split

If you have extra time, here are some additional places worth visiting in Split:

🔹 People’s Square (Narodni Trg) - This medieval square, dating back to the Venetian period, is home to the 15th-century Town Hall and several lively cafés.

🔹 Pazar – Split’s Green Market - An open-air farmers’ market, where locals sell fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, cheeses, and flowers. Open from 6:30 AM until evening.

🔹 Trstenik Beach - Managed by Radisson Blu Resort, this quiet and clean beach is one of Split’s best-kept secrets, offering crystal-clear waters and fewer crowds compared to Bačvice Beach.

Missed Opportunities: Blue Cave & Other Day Trips

Due to time constraints, we skipped the famous Blue Cave (Biševo Island) Tour, a natural wonder known for its mesmerizing blue glow. Other popular day trips from Split include:
✅ Krka Waterfalls
✅ Plitvice Lakes National Park
✅ Blue Lagoon & Pakleni Islands

There are numerous tour operators selling boat tours around the Promenade and also near the bus station.

Final Thoughts

Split is a city where history and modernity blend seamlessly. With its ancient Roman ruins, vibrant waterfront, and easy access to the Dalmatian islands, it offers something for everyone. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or simply looking to relax by the sea, Croatia’s Dalmatian coast will leave you enchanted.

Both Trogir and Šibenik are must-visit destinations for those looking to experience Croatia beyond Split and Dubrovnik.

💡 Tip: Spend at least 3-4 full days in Split to truly experience its charm, and if you have extra time, hike up Marjan Hill for panoramic views of the city and the Adriatic. Two days will make it very hectic - though it is possible to see everything in 2 days, more or less.

Final Moments in Split

After checking out of our hotel, we spent our remaining hours at the Riva Promenade. Mohua preferred to sit by the waterfront, while we wandered through the lively streets. In an unexpected twist, we met the only Bengali person in Split, who was selling fried seafood fritters similar to those in Sorrento, Italy.

After a friendly chat, we made our way to the bus station for our overnight journey to Dubrovnik, concluding our incredible Dalmatian adventure.

11.10.24

Dubrovnik - The Pearl of the Adriatic

Arriving in Dubrovnik early in the morning, we took a tram from the bus station to Pile Gate, the main entrance to the Old Town. With its stone archway and statue of St. Blaise, the city’s patron saint, the gate offered a grand introduction to Dubrovnik’s medieval charm.

Thanks to prior communication with our host, we were able to store our luggage at the apartment before check-in.

Dubrovnik, often called the “Pearl of the Adriatic,” is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has captivated travelers for centuries. Whether you’re drawn to its well-preserved medieval streets, the stunning views of the Adriatic Sea, or its role as King’s Landing in Game of Thrones, Dubrovnik lives up to its reputation.

The Siege of Dubrovnik (1991-1992): A City Under Fire

While Dubrovnik is now a thriving tourist destination, it endured a devastating siege during the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995). From October 1991 to May 1992, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by Montenegrin and Serbian forces, attacked Dubrovnik, aiming to occupy southern Croatia. The Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was heavily bombarded, with over 50% of its buildings damaged.

The attack was condemned globally, and in later years, Montenegrin leaders, including Milo Đukanović, issued formal apologies for Montenegro’s role in the conflict.

The Dubrovnik Defenders, though outnumbered, held their ground until Croatian forces launched a counteroffensive in 1992. The siege ended in May 1992, when Croatian forces reclaimed the area, shifting the focus of the war to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Today, Dubrovnik has risen from its ruins, carefully restoring its cultural heritage, yet the memories of the bombardment still linger. Historic monuments, churches, and palaces suffered significant destruction, though restoration efforts have since restored the city to its former glory.

Today, you can still see memorial plaques marking where shells struck the Old Town. For a deeper understanding, visit the Museum of the Homeland War in Fort Imperial on Mount Srđ, which documents the siege and the city’s heroic defense.

Exploring Dubrovnik’s Old Town

Stradun (Placa): The Heart of Dubrovnik

Stradun, also known as Placa, is the main pedestrian street in the Old Town. No cars are allowed here. Lined with historic buildings, charming cafes, and shops, it’s the perfect place to soak in the city’s atmosphere.

Franciscan Monastery: Home to one of the oldest pharmacies in Europe (dating back to 1317), it also features a beautiful cloister and museum.

Sponza Palace: Dubrovnik’s Historical Archive

One of the few structures to survive the 1667 earthquake, Sponza Palace was built in 1522 in Gothic-Renaissance style. It has served as a mint, armoury, treasury, and customs office. Today, it houses the city archives, containing manuscripts dating back to the 12th century. I visited this Palace - which has pictorially shown - how Dubrovnik was destroyed during the 1994 war by JNA.

Dominican Monastery

Built in 1348 in Gothic, Romanesque, and Renaissance styles, the Dominican Monastery looks more like a fortress than a religious structure. Its Gothic cloister, designed by Florentine architect Maso di Bartolomeo, is the most beautiful part of the complex. The monastery also houses a small museum with invaluable pieces of art and history.

Clock Tower

Dating back to 1444, the Clock Tower features four bells (Loggia of the Bell) used as an early warning system and a clock with a golden ball that shows the time and moon phases.

Church of St. Blaise and Orlando’s Column

This Baroque church, dedicated to Dubrovnik’s patron saint, was designed by Venetian architect Marino Gropelli in 1715. The interiors are as extravagant as the exteriors, with a 15th-century Gothic gold-plated silver statue of St. Blaise on the main altar. Outside, Orlando’s Column, built in 1418, symbolizes freedom and honors the knight who helped defend the city.

Marin Držić Statue

As we walked toward the Clock Tower, we stopped at the small Onofrio Fountain, a replica of the larger fountain nearby. A few steps further, we encountered the bronze statue of Marin Držić, often called the Shakespeare of Dubrovnik. Sculpted by Ivan Meštrović, Croatia’s most famous artist, the statue’s nose is worn out from visitors rubbing it for good luck!

Rector’s Palace: The Political Heart of the Republic

Originally built in the 13th century, the Rector’s Palace served as the seat of government for the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik’s medieval name). A stunning mix of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture, it has been rebuilt multiple times due to fires, explosions, and earthquakes. Today, it houses the Cultural History Museum, featuring Ragusan artifacts, portraits, and antique furniture. The palace’s courtyard is an architectural masterpiece, with intricate stone staircases and finely carved columns. Game of Thrones Connection: The courtyard was used as the filming location where Daenerys Targaryen meets the Spice King of Qarth.We saw it from outside.

Dubrovnik Cathedral (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary)

The present Baroque cathedral, with its stunning dome, was built after the 1667 earthquake destroyed the original 12th-century Romanesque church. Legend says King Richard the Lionheart funded its construction as gratitude for surviving a shipwreck near Lokrum Island while returning from the Crusades.

Gundulić Square: A Taste of Local Life : This lively square hosts a daily market where locals sell fresh fruits, vegetables, and handcrafted souvenirs.

Jesuit Staircase: The “Walk of Shame”

These grand Baroque steps, reminiscent of the Spanish Steps in Rome, lead up to the Jesuit Church of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Game of Thrones fans will recognize this as the location of Cersei Lannister’s Walk of Atonement from Season 5. Coincidentally, we arrived during a local wedding, adding to the magic of the setting.

Mount Srđ: Panoramic Views of Dubrovnik

We didn’t have time to take the cable car up to Mount Srđ, but it’s a must for breathtaking views of Dubrovnik and the Dalmatian Coast. At the summit, the Panorama Restaurant is perfect for enjoying a drink with a view. Instead we did, the most important thing to do in Dubrovnik - walking on the city wall.

Walking Dubrovnik’s City Walls

One of the best ways to experience Dubrovnik is by walking its magnificent city walls, which take 1.5 to 2 hours to complete. The walls offer spectacular views of the Old Town, the Adriatic Sea, and Lokrum Island. The Minčeta Fortress, the highest point, provides the best panoramic views.

Fort Lovrijenac, included in the ticket, was a key filming location for Game of Thrones (Red Keep scenes).

Important Tips:

We bought the wrong ticket, which only covered one day and limited attractions. Consider purchasing a Dubrovnik Card for discounted entry to major attractions. The gates close around 6:00 PM, so plan accordingly. We were late and only saw 50% of the walls.

Fort Lovrijenac: Located just outside the city walls, this fort offers stunning views and was used in Game of Thrones. Since the walls were closed at 6 pm, we went to see the sunrise at Fort Locrjenac, which is just ouside the Pile gate.

Dining in Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik’s Old Town is expensive, but there are many great places to eat. We enjoyed local seafood at a restaurant near our apartment, which required climbing a few floors. These restaurants are cascaded at various heights from Stradun, offering unique views.

Final Thoughts

After dinner, we took a final stroll through the illuminated streets of the Old Town. Dubrovnik, with its breathtaking views, medieval charm, and rich history, had truly lived up to the hype. It’s not just a city—it’s a journey through time, where history and fantasy collide in the most spectacular way.

Extra Tips for Dubrovnik

Avoiding the Crowds

Enter through Ploče Gate instead of the always-crowded Pile Gate. Get a Dubrovnik Card for discounted entry to top attractions and free public transport.

Day Trips from Dubrovnik : Elafiti Islands or Lokrum Island

Dubrovnik Travel FAQs

Why is Dubrovnik so famous?

Its beauty inspired Game of Thrones, and its history, architecture, and coastal views make it a must-visit.

Is Split or Dubrovnik better?

Personally, I loved Dubrovnik. Split is cheaper and a gateway to islands and national parks, but Dubrovnik’s charm is unmatched.

Is Dubrovnik walkable?

Yes, the Old Town is compact and can be explored ONLY BY foot.

Dubrovnik is a city that stays with you long after you leave. Whether you’re a history buff, a Game of Thrones fan, or simply seeking stunning coastal views, this Adriatic gem won’t disappoint.

(source : Interent)

12.10.24 - Montenegro

A Day Trip to Montenegro: History, Beauty, and Reflections on the Past

We were picked up near our hotel in the Old Town of Dubrovnik at 6:20 AM and boarded an air-conditioned vehicle for a scenic drive south to Montenegro. The journey along the Adriatic coastline offered breathtaking views of the Dubrovnik Riviera, with the shimmering sea on one side and rugged mountains on the other. As we drove, our guide shared fascinating insights into the history, culture, and traditions of the region.

Montenegro: A Nation Shaped by History

Montenegro’s history is deeply intertwined with that of its Balkan neighbours.

After World War I (1918): Montenegro was united with Serbia and other South Slavic regions to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929.
After World War II (1945): Montenegro became one of the six republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) under Josip Broz Tito.
Post-Yugoslavia (1992-2006): After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Montenegro remained in a political union with Serbia as part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (1992–2003) and later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).
Montenegrin Independence (2006): In a referendum held on May 21, 2006, 55.5% of voters chose independence, and Montenegro formally declared sovereignty on June 3, 2006.

However, Montenegro’s involvement in the Siege of Dubrovnik (1991-1992) remains a controversial chapter in its history.

Crossing into Montenegro: A Land of Stunning Beauty

After a smooth border crossing, with our passports stamped, we officially entered Montenegro—a country rich in history, breathtaking landscapes, and medieval towns. As we drove along the spectacular Bay of Kotor, often called Europe’s southernmost fjord, we marveled at the dramatic mountain backdrop, charming coastal villages, and shimmering blue waters.

Exploring Kotor: A Medieval Gem

Our first stop was the UNESCO-listed Old Town of Kotor, a well-preserved medieval city surrounded by ancient fortifications.

St. Tryphon Cathedral (1166): A Romanesque masterpiece, it is one of Montenegro’s most important religious sites.
Square of Arms: The lively main square, surrounded by historic buildings and cafes.
Venetian and Byzantine Influences: Kotor’s architecture reflects its rich maritime history as a key trading port.

The city walls, which climb up the mountain, offer a challenging but rewarding hike, leading to St. John’s Fortress, where breathtaking panoramic views await. After spending some free time in Kotor, we left for Perast by our Van.

Perast: A Baroque Coastal Town

A short drive from Kotor brought us to Perast, a picturesque coastal town known for its Baroque architecture and maritime heritage. Perast was a thriving naval hub during the Venetian Republic, and its well-preserved stone buildings and churches still reflect its past glory.

Our Lady of the Rocks: According to local legend, sailors discovered an icon of the Madonna and Child on a rock in the sea.
To honor this, they dropped stones at the site after every successful voyage, eventually forming an artificial island.
The Church of Our Lady of the Rocks, built in 1630, houses over 70 exquisite paintings and silver votives donated by sailors.

We took a short boat ride to the island, explored the church, and admired the stunning views of the bay.

Afterwards, we strolled along the waterfront Promendade of Perast bay, with views of Our Lady of the Rocks island and the blue Adriatic. With fewer than 300 residents, it feels like stepping into a postcard.

As the afternoon light softened, we began our return journey to Dubrovnik, once again admiring the stunning coastal views. The drive back was just as mesmerizing, with the setting sun casting golden hues over the Adriatic Sea. We took the same route to go back to Dubrovnic.

Returning to Dubrovnik: A Race Against Sunset

Upon arriving in Dubrovnik before sunset, we rushed to the city walls, hoping to complete the portion of the wall we had missed the previous day.

Our ticket was technically valid for only one day, but we politely requested the gateman to let us in, explaining our situation. Thankfully, he graciously allowed us access after checking our mobile photos, and we finally completed our walk along the ancient fortifications, taking in the last breathtaking views of Dubrovnik’s terracotta rooftops and the Adriatic beyond.

Final Thoughts

This day trip to Montenegro was an unforgettable journey, blending stunning natural beauty, medieval history, and a reflection on the complex past of the region. From the charming streets of Kotor and Perast to the breathtaking views of the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro was a hidden gem that exceeded all expectations.

Booking this incredible experience through Viator Tours made the trip seamless and enjoyable. It was truly a perfect blend of history, culture, and scenic wonders, leaving us with memories that would last a lifetime.

📍 Tour Link: Montenegro Full-Day Trip from Dubrovnik

13.10.24

Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Journey Through History and Nature

We embarked on a private journey through Bosnia and Herzegovina, organized by a travel agency called Funky Tour. The tour began in Dubrovnik, Croatia at 8 am and took us through some of the most scenic and historically significant locations, ending in Sarajevo, the capital city. We were the only 3 passengers. We had a wonderful driver cum guide. This is quite an unique tour, since it ends at another city/country (not back to the same city).

About Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)

BiH is a country in the Balkans, bordered by Croatia to the north and west, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast. With a population of approximately 3.30 million, its capital, Sarajevo, is home to around 275,000 people. The country has a modest per capita income of $7,700 (nominal), placing it in the category of upper-middle-income economies globally.

Geographical Overview

Bosnia and Herzegovina spans an area of 51,209 square kilometers. The country is predominantly mountainous, with the Dinaric Alps covering a significant portion of its territory.

Bosnia occupies about 80% of the country’s land area, characterized by dense forests, rugged hills, and river valleys.

Herzegovina in the south, accounts for about 20% of the territory and is known for its Mediterranean climate and karst landscapes. The 2 regions are not officially divided but are distinguished by cultural, historical, and geographical traits. BiH ) is almost a landlocked country—except for a tiny 20 km stretch of coastline along the Adriatic Sea!

A Glimpse into History

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and complex history, having been influenced by the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. It was incorporated into the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the late 19th century and later became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes after World War I. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The assassination was carried out by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the nationalist group Young Bosnia, which aimed to end Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and unite it with Serbia.

This event, often referred to as the "spark" that ignited World War I, led to a chain reaction of alliances and declarations of war, ultimately plunging Europe into the conflict. Bosnia and Herzegovina, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, played a central role in this momentous episode.

The Yugoslav Civil War of the 1990s left an indelible mark on the country. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence in 1992. This sparked a brutal war that lasted until 1995, marked by ethnic conflicts among Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs. The war caused extensive destruction, particularly in Sarajevo, which endured a 1,425-day siege, the longest in modern history.

The Dayton Agreement of 1995 ended the war, establishing the current political structure of the country, divided into two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.

Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

Bosnia and Herzegovina is known for its religious diversity, reflecting its complex history and multicultural society. The population is predominantly divided among three major religious groups, which largely correspond to its three main ethnic groups:

Islam (approx. 50% of the population):
- Followed primarily by the Bosniaks, who are 1 of the 3 constituent ethnic groups in the country.
- Islam in BiH has deep roots, dating back to the Ottoman era (15th–19th centuries), when a significant portion of the local population converted to Islam.
Eastern Orthodoxy (approx. 30% of the population):
- Practiced primarily by the Serbs, who are the second-largest ethnic group in BiH.
- The Serbian Orthodox Church is the main religious institution for Orthodox Christians in the country.
Roman Catholicism (approx. 15% of the population):
- Followed mainly by the Croats, the third-largest ethnic group in the country.
- The Catholic Church plays an important role in the lives of Catholic communities, especially in Herzegovina and parts of central Bosnia.
Others and Non-religious (approx. 5% of the population):
- Includes small communities of Protestants, Jews, and individuals who identify as secular or atheist.

A Legacy of Religious Coexistence and Conflict:

For centuries, BiH has been a meeting point of Islam, Orthodoxy, and Catholicism, as well as a smaller but historically significant Jewish community. This diversity stems from its position at the crossroads of the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and Slavic worlds.
While historically there were periods of peaceful coexistence, the religious differences were often exploited during political conflicts, especially in the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, leading to tensions among the communities.
When we are talking about Bosniaks, basically we are talking about Muslim Bosniaks.

Our Journey: Dubrovnik to Sarajevo

Provalije Waterfall

Our first stop was the stunning Provalije Waterfall, a hidden gem surrounded by lush greenery. The cascading waters offered a tranquil setting and a perfect start to our journey. This was done to compensate the area which we would not be able to visit, due to the flood in 1st week of October 2024 in BiH.

Počitelj

We then visited the ancient fortress town of Počitelj, a historical treasure with its well-preserved Ottoman architecture. Walking along its fortress walls, we enjoyed panoramic views of the Neretva River and refreshed ourselves with a glass of freshly squeezed pomegranate juice, a local specialty.

Kravica Falls

Known among locals as the “Small Niagara,” Kravica Falls was a breathtaking sight. The falls are a series of cascading waterfalls surrounded by dense forests, offering a serene yet powerful spectacle.

Blagaj Tekke and Buna River Spring

Next, we explored the Blagaj Tekke, a Dervish monastery nestled at the base of a cliff beside the Buna River Spring, one of Europe’s most beautiful and powerful karst springs. The serene ambiance of the Tekke and its historical significance as a spiritual retreat for Dervishes made this stop particularly memorable.

We enjoyed lunch at a riverside restaurant, savouring traditional Bosnian cuisine while soaking in the scenic views.

Mostar

Our journey continued to Mostar, a city famed for its iconic Stari Most (Old Bridge), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We strolled through the maze-like cobblestone streets, lined with quaint shops and cafes, and admired the harmonious blend of Ottoman, medieval, and modern influences. It is the high point of this tour.

Konjic and Jablanica

Unfortunately, due to flooding in the region, we were unable to visit Konjic, known for its charming old town and the best-preserved Ottoman bridge, and Jablanica, a historic town renowned for its significance during World War II.

Sarajevo: The Capital of Resilience

We concluded our trip in Sarajevo, a city that embodies the spirit of resilience. Often called the "Jerusalem of Europe," Sarajevo is a melting pot of cultures and religions, with mosques, synagogues, and churches coexisting in close proximity. When we reached Sarajevo it is already time for early dinner.

The scars of the Yugoslav Civil War are still visible in Sarajevo, from the bullet-riddled buildings to the Sarajevo Roses, shell craters filled with red resin to commemorate lives lost. Yet, the city has transformed itself into a vibrant hub of culture, history, and hospitality.

Reflections on Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country of contrasts—majestic natural landscapes juxtaposed with a tumultuous history. Its resilient people, rich culture, and stunning natural beauty make it a destination worth exploring. Despite the setbacks due to flooding, our journey was filled with unforgettable experiences that offered us a deep appreciation for this unique country.

We had our dinner near the Baščar-šija Square - which is very near to our apartment. It is a very good idea to stay near this place. After dinner we walked around this place.

funkytours.com (Their office is very near our Airbnb, within 150 metres)

14.10.24

We did a walking tour as suggested by Lonely Planet. Our tour started from Sarajevo City Hall.

Sarajevo City Hall (Vijećnica)

Sarajevo City Hall: Starting at the far eastern end of the old town is the Sarajevo's City Hall, which stands out with its Moorish-inspired design (the inside is worth a visit) and its attractive location along the river. It is an impressive building that also houses the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was shelled and burnt by Bosnian Serb forces in August 1992 during the Siege of Sarajevo. Its destruction targeted the city's Ottoman-Austrian heritage and its priceless collection of 2 million / 20 lakh books. The building's architecture is stunning and it has been beautifully restored.

From there it’s a short walk to the Ottoman-era old town. At the east end of the Sarajevo City Hall is the Seher-Cehaja Bridge.Of the 13 bridges the Ottomans built in Sarajevo, the Seher-Cehaja Bridge is considered to be the prettiest. The name translates to Mayor’s Bridge.

Baščar-šija Square : Sebi-lj

Designed by the Ottomans in 1462, the Bascar-sija served as the main marketplace. Sebi-lj is a famous Ottoman-style wooden fountain. This is a great place to get a sense of the city's historical and cultural vibe. You can start your day with Bosnian coffee (strong and brewed in a cezve) and a pastry (burek or pita) from here. Find a spot to people-watch and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of the Old Town.This whole area, which spans a few blocks, is full of Ćevapi restaurants, cafés serving Bosnian coffee, and different little alleys dedicated to different crafts .

Close by is one of Sarajevo’s most photographed spots : “Pigeon Square” (officially Baščaršija Square).

Kazand-žiluk (Coppersmith Street) Street : From Sebilj, we went to Kazandziluk Street or Coppersmith Street Alley, Sarajevo.

Baščaršija Mosque : Our next stop is a small square and turn around to face the Bascar-sija Mosque. Officially named Havadza Durak Mosque, the Bascar-sija Mosque has been standing on the site since the early 1500s.

Brusa Bezistan : One can see the covered markets, including the covered Brusa Bezisatan (once the main silk market). The area will make you think you are in Istanbul. The domed market hall, Brusa Bezistand, is in the middle of the Old Town. Built in 1551 for the silk trade, today the old covered bazaar houses the Sarajevo City History Museum.

Then we walked the length of Kazand-ziluk, to reach street Locksmith Street Sarajevo. Once the street where they made locks and keys, today Bravadziluk is a bustling street full of restaurants selling cevapi – the national dish of Bosnia & Herzegovina.

Morica Han : From the northeast corner of Brusa Bezistan, we went to Morica Han . This historic inn, is now a lively marketplace.

Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque

Our next stop is this important mosque.The Gazi Husrev Beg Mosque is said by many to be the finest example of Ottoman architecture in the Balkans. The most important mosque in Sarajevo, the Gazi Husrev-Bey Mosque, is a Sarajevo must-see. Completed in 1532.

Ferhadija Street and Sarajevo Meeting of Cultures : We had a walk along this pedestrian street, shop, and enjoy the local vibe. Heading a few blocks west on Ferhadija St you’ll pass the Sarajevo meeting of cultures engraving on the pavement.This symbolic point marks where the eastern Ottoman architecture meets the western Austro-Hungarian architecture. You’ve suddenly moved from Istanbul to Vienna, the buildings and streets around having been built during the times of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It's a great spot for photos and to appreciate Sarajevo's unique blend of cultures. Initially I missed the symbolic point , but suddenly noticed the change of archiecture. On a closer scrutiny I saw the symbolic point.

We had some traditional Bosnian dishes like cevapi (grilled minced meat or grilled sausages ) or burek (filled pastry) or "pita" (savory pastries) or "begova čorba" (hearty meat soup) at a local restaurant .

Sacred Heart Cathedral

Then we visited this beautiful Catholic cathedral with neo-Gothic architecture., the largest in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Old Orthodox Church

The 16th century Old Orthodox Church is set below street level and has an exquisite interior, including an ornate iconostasis and upstairs gallery. This historic church, which is one of the oldest in Sarajevo, dates back to the 16th century.

Ashkenazi Synagogue and Emperor’s Mosque

Ashkenazi Synagogue: After crossing the river we saw the Ashkenazi synagogue (the only active synagogue today) from outside. This is one of the few remaining in Sarajevo, reflecting the city's diverse religious history.

Latin Bridge

Just by the Latin Bridge, the Museum of Sarajevo 1878–1918 provides an in-depth look at Sarajevo's history during the Austro-Hungarian period and the events leading up to World War I. Wandering closer to the river, you’ll come across the National Theatre. Walk a block down to the river. You’ll see some beautiful buildings, most operating as government buildings. Across the river is the Academy of Fine Arts.

A few blocks east is one of Sarajevo’s most famous monuments – the Latin Bridge (where Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914). We walk to this historic bridge, the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, which triggered World War I. There is a small museum nearby that you can visit to learn more about this event.

There are various options like 1.5 hours Tunnel Museum Tour or 1 hour Independent War History Walk . We did not have time for this.

Then you can go up the hill is the Franciscan church of Saint Anthony of Padua and the Sarajevo Brewery (a great place to go for a beer). Very close by is the Sarajevo Cable Car station. From here a cable car will take you up Mount Trebević. Up above is the Sarajevo Viewpoint (for the best views of the city). People like to come here to take photos of the colorfully-graffitied track. We did not go there.

Eternal Flame (Vječna vatra) and War Childhood Museum (North of Morica Han - 450 mtrs) - We went to see this place and pay respects at this World War II memorial.

On the slopes on the opposite side of the old town (accessed from Pigeon Square) are a few other highlights. One is the Kovači Memorial Cemetery, the main cemetery for soldiers killed during the Bosnian War in Sarajevo: April 1992 – December 1995). Continue up the hill to your right. It will bring you to the Yellow Fortress. It’s not yellow…but it has some of the best views of the city . If you want more views you can continue up, through a maze of streets, to the White Fortress for more great views. You’ll have to pay however and the White Fortress isn’t really that impressive. We did not have time for this.

Baščar-šija square is beautifully lit at night and often has a lively atmosphere with street performers and locals enjoying the evening.Take a leisurely walk along the river, enjoying the serene views and the beautifully lit buildings. We had local sweet "baklava" or "lokum" (Turkish delight).

We took a tram to go to the bus Station to catch a bus to go to Belgrade, Serbia.

https://jetsettingfools.com/sarajevo-sights-what-to-see/

https://adventurousmiriam.com/things-to-do-in-sarajevo-bosnia/

https://bbqboy.net/a-guide-to-sarajevo-and-all-the-reasons-why-its-worth-visiting/

15.10.24

We reached Belgrade early in the morning. Our hotel is walking distance from our bus stop.

Serbia is a landlocked country located in the heart of the Balkans in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest.

Covering an area of 88,361 square kilometers, Serbia is a mix of fertile plains, mountainous regions, and rolling hills.Its area is same as West Bengal. The country's capital, Belgrade, is strategically located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers. Known as the "White City," it serves as a cultural, economic, and political hub for Serbia and the region.

Population and Economy

Population (2023 estimate): Around 6.7 million people (Serbia)
Belgrade Population: Approximately 1.7 million people, making it the largest city in Serbia.
Per Capita Income (2023 estimate): About $10,000 (USD).

Historical Overview of Serbia

Serbia's rich and turbulent history dates back to ancient times, shaped by its location at the crossroads of Eastern and Western Europe.

Ancient and Medieval Era
- The region was originally inhabited by the Thracians, Dacians, and Illyrians (modern day Albania) . Later, it became part of the Roman Empire.
- After the fall of Rome, Slavic tribes settled in the region during the 6th and 7th centuries, forming the basis of modern Serbian culture.
- The Serbian Kingdom was established in the 12th century, reaching its zenith under Stefan Dušan in the 14th century when it became the Serbian Empire.
- Following the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, Serbia fell under Ottoman rule, which lasted for nearly 5 centuries.
Ottoman and Austrian Influence
- During Ottoman rule, Serbia maintained a distinct identity, with Orthodox Christianity serving as a cultural cornerstone.
- In the 19th century, Serbia gradually regained its independence through uprisings, officially becoming autonomous in 1817 and fully independent by 1878 at the Congress of Berlin.
20th Century
- After World War I, Serbia became a founding member of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia.
- During World War II, Yugoslavia was occupied by Axis forces, and Serbia faced severe hardships.
- Post-war, Serbia became part of socialist Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito, playing a significant role in the Non-Aligned Movement.
- After the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbia faced wars, sanctions, and political isolation. Belgrade was heavily bombed by NATO in 1999 during the Kosovo conflict.
Modern Serbia
- In 2006, Montenegro peacefully separated from Serbia, marking the end of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
- Today, Serbia is a parliamentary republic aspiring for European Union membership, though it faces challenges related to its relationship with Kosovo and regional politics.

Belgrade: A City Steeped in History

Ancient Roots: One of the oldest cities in Europe, Belgrade's history stretches back over 7,000 years. It was originally a Celtic settlement, before becoming the Roman city of Singidunum.
The most famous Roman emperor with Serbian roots is Constantine the Great. He was born in Naissus, a city located in the province of Moesia Superior, which is now known as Niš, Serbia
Medieval Period: Belgrade changed hands multiple times, controlled by Byzantines, Bulgarians, Hungarians and Serbs. It became the Serbian capital in the 15th century.
Ottoman and Habsburg Era: Belgrade was a frontier city contested by the Ottoman and Habsburg empires.
20th Century: The city was heavily damaged in both World Wars and rebuilt during the socialist era.
Today: Belgrade is a vibrant metropolis known for its nightlife, historical landmarks, and blend of architectural styles.

Belgrade City tour

We started the day with the walking tour route prescribed by LP.

Kalemegdan Fortress and Park : We started our day at the historic fortress overlooking the confluence of the River Sava and Danube. It is about 15 minutes walk from our hotel. We explored the ancient walls, strolled through the park surrounding the fortress, which offers various monuments, sculptures, and enjoyed the panoramic views of the two rivers.

The Victor Monument : The Victor Monument is located within Kalemegdan Fortress, this iconic statue is one of Belgrade’s most recognizable symbols. From the the monument the view of the rivers is breathtaking

St. Petka’s Chapel and Ružica Church : Then we visited this small, beautiful chapel and also visited Ružica Church. It is a quaint church decorated with military-themed motifs, including chandeliers made from bullets. You have to get down few steps from Victor Monumnet to reach here.

Knez Mihailova Street : We walked down this bustling pedestrian street filled with shops, cafes, and historic buildings. There is Zepter museum which has impressive collection of Serbian artists (as perLP). We did not go there. Suddenly we met Isabella and her mother ! After chatting for some time we went to the Tourism Office to book some tours. Alas , none of the tours are available for the next days. On here advice we got in touch with a person called Zerko who will show us around Novi Sad and Sremski Karlovci. First we have to reach Novi Sad by 0819 hrs train from Belgrade. The person will show us Petrovaradin fortress, 3 monasteries, stop in Sremski Karlovsci old Town, wine tasting and Novi Stad old town. He will charge 50 Euro each for 3 people.

Republic Square (Trg Republike): This central square is the heart of Belgrade, home to the National Museum and the National Theatre. We spent some time exploring the square and its surroundings.

Skadarlija: Then we went to this bohemian quarter known for its cobblestone streets and charming atmosphere. Skadarlija is Belgrade's Montmarte.

After that we left for our hotel and bought some food for our dinner from the super market.

16.10.24

I was very embarrassed to inform Zerko that both the members are feeling exhausted after night bus travel and are not ready to do the tour.The problem is compounded by the fact, that we have to check out from our hotel - which is basically an apartment ( the hotel owner changed the hotel after we checked in our original hotel and took us to their other hotel / apartment) very early in the morning and we need to carry our luggage for 1 Km and keep the luggage in our original hotel. As a result they (my friend and my wife) need to curtail their sleep by 1 hour. Then finally leave for station from the original hotel.

The tour we planned is to the Northern part of Serbia ie Tour of Sremski Karlovci and Novi Sad. It will cost only Rs 5,600/- , if we availed the service of a Co. like Viator. This is most definitley the no. 1 tour on your list from Belgrade. In this tour we would have discovered the wild landscapes and rich cultural heritage of Northern Serbia on a full-day tour from Belgrade and admire the beautiful baroque architecture of Sremski Karlovci, visit the magnificent Petrovaradin Fortress on the banks of the Danube River, and explore historic Novi Sad, Serbia’s second-largest city plus enjoy a tasting of local wine.

Sremski Karlovci - A quiet, Baroque town where time has stopped. It has an impressive history as well: in 1699, a peace treaty between Christian European forces and Ottoman Empire was signed here, putting an end to Ottoman conquest of Europe.

Novi Sad - Novi Sad is the second-largest city in Serbia, with its typical Middle European appearance and proud history of being a cultural and intellectual center of the Serbs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, for which it earned a name – Serbian Athens.

https://www.viator.com/tours/Belgrade/Northern-Serbia-Pannonia-Legacy-Full-Day-Tour-from-Belgrade/d22817-44140P6

This one should be our second choice i.e. Gems of Eastern Serbia. It will cost only Rs 9200/- , if you spend another day in Serbia - Manasija monastery and the Resavska Cave plus Krupaj Spring is also very good.

https://www.viator.com/tours/Belgrade/Gems-of-Eastern-Serbia/d22817-73323P9

or https://www.viator.com/tours/Belgrade/Blue-Danube-Tour/d22817-73323P8

We started our day with St. Michael's Cathedral or Saborna Church, Orthodox Cathedral in Stari Grad section of Belgrade. It is one of the most important places of worship in Serbia. Adjacent to the cathedral is Patriarchate, the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

Then we left for Bajrak-li Mosque.

Bajrakli Mosque : Bajrakli Mosque is the only remaining mosque in Belgrade, a reminder of the city’s Ottoman past.

Then we bought the Sava Rive cruise ticket which will start at around 6 pm.

Then we hopped on Tram 2 for a quick tour around Belgrade sans-guide. The route loops through the city in both directions, passing Kalemegdan Fortress, the Old Town and Slavija Square. Tickets are inexpensive and the tram is a fun way to see the sights and watch Belgrade locals go about their day. We did this tour twice without gettind down - we had a feel of the whole city.

18:00 - 19:00 : Sava River Cruise : We enjoyed a relaxing cruise on the Sava River for scenic views of Belgrade's skyline and landmarks like Belgrade Fortress and Zemun. We saw the Church of Saint Sava (Hram Svetog Save) - the largest Orthodox churches in the world apart from other monuments

We did not have time to go to Zepter Museum for modern and contemporary art, which showcases Serbian and international artists. Nor did we go to Nikola Tesla Museum - which is dedicated to the life and work of Serbian American Nikola Tesla. It houses many of his personal items and inventions. We did not have time to go to the Museum of Yugoslavia - where there is Marshal tito's Mausoleum.

Tips: Purchase a Belgrade Card for discounted entry to museums and free public transport if you plan to visit museums.

https://jetsettingfools.com/8-things-to-do-in-belgrade-serbia/

We took the night bus at 2130 hours to go to Skopje, North Macedonia. We had to stop number of times and get down from the bus for entry and exit stamp. The immigration officer suspected fould play in Arindam's visa and used magnifying glass to find flaw !

17.10.24

Skopje, North Macedonia > Pristina, Kosovo>Prizren, Kosovo

We reached Skopje at 600 am. We had lot of problem to find our apartment. It is actually just opposite to the bus station. Since in the early morning nobody was present to help us it compounded the problem. The person whom we saw are generally labour class and do not understand English. After almost 1 hour, the owner came with her car to receive us . But since the guest was inside the house, she kept the luggage in her car dicky.

We learnt that there is a bus which is leaving for Pristina, Kosovo in 20 minutes time. We immediately crossed the road to catch the bus from the bus station to leave for Prizren, Kosovo ! The buses are not very frequent.

But there is no direct bus to Prizren, Kosovo. It will go via Pristina. The distance between the two capitals (Skopje and Pristina) is about 90 kilometers, a journey that takes 2-2.30 hours give or take.To get a ticket, simply walk up to the counter and tell them you’d like to travel to Pristina . Prices tend to vary but don’t typically exceed 10 euro for a one-way trip. We bought a "local" bus ticket to go to Pristina - the capital of Kosovo. It took around 2 hours reach Pristina.

If Pristina is the modern face of Kosovo, Prizren is a glimpse into the past. The preserved city center of Prizren is made up of cobblestone streets, ancient mosques, centuries old churches and numerous bridges that for ages have straddled the Prizren Bistrica River. Overhead, a medieval fortress looms on the hilltop, keeping an eye on the city of Prizren below.

After reaching Pristina, there is a connecting 'local' bus which will take you to Prizren. The bus leaves frequently for Prizren from Pristina. We had to wait for only 15-20 minutes for the next bus. While Prizren’s old historic center is easily navigated, there is limited (and sometimes confusing and/or conflicting) information provided for tourists. It took around 2 hours to reach Prizren. From the bus station you can reach the historic Old Town walking.

Know Kosovo

Kosovo’s area is ~10,887 km², which is less than 1/8th the size of West Bengal (~88,752 km²). Its population is around 18 lakh or 1.8 million. Kosovo has Europe’s youngest population (median age: 29)!

Per Capita Income & Currency

The per capita income is approximately USD 5,400–6,000, making it one of Europe’s poorer countries. The official currency is the Euro (EUR). It's per capita income is twice that of India. But it does not look like that poor or shabby or dirty. People are well mannered.

Economy & Industries

Kosovo’s economy is still developing and depends greatly on:

Main industries: Mining (especially lead, zinc, lignite), energy, and small-scale manufacturing.
Main agriculture: Cereals, vegetables, dairy products, fruits, and wine - 35% of employment

Ethnicity & Religion

Ethnic groups: About 90% ethnic Albanians, followed by Serbs, Bosniaks, Gorani, and Turks.
Religion: Mostly Islam (~95%), with 4% Orthodox Christian (Serb minority and Catholic minorities.

Emigration & Empty Homes

A significant proportion of Kosovars live and work abroad — especially in Germany, Switzerland, and other EU countries. Remittances from this diaspora support the economy, and many houses in rural areas remain empty most of the year due to emigration: ~1 million Kosovars live abroad (mostly Germany, Switzerland). Some of the most famous Kosovo-origin footballers who have made their big mark in European football :

1. Xherdan Shaqiri (Switzerland / ex-Liverpool, Bayern) - Kosovo-Albanian roots (born in Gjilan, Kosovo). he won 2x Champions League (Bayern, Liverpool) and played in 3 World Cups for Switzerland

2. Granit Xhaka (Switzerland / Bayer Leverkusen, ex-Arsenal). He is a ethnic Albanian family from Podujevo, Kosovo. He was a Swiss captain.

I liked these players a lot and was wondering about their origin - since they have non Caucasian looks.

Remittances (20% of GDP; diaspora in Germany, Switzerland).

Unemployment: ~25% (youth unemployment ~50%)

Terrain & Settlement

Kosovo is mostly mountainous and hilly, with fertile valleys. Major urban areas like Pristina, Prizren, and Peja are hubs of business and education, while large rural areas have sparse populations.

Key Challenges

Political tensions with Serbia (non-recognition by Serbia - 5 EU states). That is why you cannot go to Kosovo from Serbia or enter Serbia from Kosovo. This made our tour very difficult and we had to reach Kosovo in a round about way.
Corruption and weak industrial base.

Prizren, Kosovo

The history of Prizren dates to Ancient times, with the first mention of the city in the 2nd century AD. Since that time, the land has been claimed by many different kingdoms- including Romans, Bulgarians, Byzantines, Serbians and Ottomans. In 1912, after the First Balkan War, Prizren became part of the Kingdom of Serbia. Then, in 1916, it was occupied by the Kingdom of Bulgaria and, in 1918, it was included in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. After the collapse of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Prizren remained a part of Serbia in the Province of Kosovo. In 2008, when Kosovo declared independence from Serbia, Prizren became the second largest city in the new country.

Prizren’s buildings and urban plan have been influenced by rulers of the past; Serbians built Orthodox churches and Ottomans built mosques. Throughout history, regime changes often resulted in the eviction or death of the conquered citizens.

Tensions still exist between different ethnic groups – most notably between Albanians and Serbs. Today, Albanians make up the majority of the population in Prizren (80%+). There are also Bosniaks, Turks and Romas living in the municipality, but very few Serbs remain.

The city was largely spared by the 1999 Kosovo War, but a 2004 uprising of ethnic Albanians targeted the small population of Serbs living in Prizren. In the violent unrest, 7 historic Serbian Orthodox churches were destroyed, including a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Our Lady of Ljevis, which was built in 1307. The hillside Serbian neighbourhood in Prizren was also severely damaged and houses were set on fire. We met a local ethnic Albanian boy - who considers himeself as a protector of Alabnian rights.

Many of the sites remain in ruins and are closed to visitors. Guard shacks stand at church entrances, although not all are manned; instead, padlocks and barbed wire keep people from entering. However, taking a stroll through the city to the churches, mosques and other historic sites help visitors to understand the complex history of Prizren.

The Prizren self-guided walking tour from the bus station makes a loop through the city and then continues up to the Ottoman Old town and the fortress. We had our breakfast at the local bakery (somewhat similar to our Monginis Shop in Kolkata) and the price is very reasonable and ranges between 0.30 Euro to 1 Euro ! Apparently many of the 15 historic sights in Prizren are not open to visitors, but are still interesting to see from the outside.

We did not have time to go to all the spots, since we have to go back to Skpoje after chaning 2 buses. The total time needed for this Prizren walking tour is approximately 2 hours, including time for brief stops. We bought some souvienirs. We were surprised to see pictures of Mother Teresa. But considering the fact that she is ethnic Albanian , but born in Skopje, it is not that surprising. Everything was quite cheap. We had Gelato for 0.80 Euro - the cheapest Gelato in Europe.

After spending more than 2 hours in the historic Old town, we decided to come to the bus station to catch the connecting bus to Pristina and finally to Skopje. Everything was perfect. We did not miss any of the connecting bus, because of meticulous planning. The owner of the apartment had kept our luggage at the apartment and had given the password to open the lockbox for the key. Here lockbox system works everywhere.

We had very nice dinner at a nice restaurant. The price in such a similar restaurant in Kolkata would have been higher !

Skopje to Pristina and Prizren Tour - https://www.viator.com/tours/Skopje/Skopje-Kosovo-tour/d26711-29882P4

Visiting Kosovo’s main cities of Pristina and Prizen from Macedonia can be tricky unless you hire a car.

On this full-day tour, travel comfortably by air-conditioned minivan from your Skopje accommodation and meet your guide in Pristina. Visit landmarks like the Monastery of Gracanica, the Kosovo National Library, the Open Air Archaeological Park, Carshi Mosque, Gazimestan Tower, and more.

Head to Prizen and take a walking tour of the Ottoman-era Old Town. Travel comfortably in an air-conditioned minivan Hassle-free hotel pickup and drop-off from your Skopje hotel ... Stroll through Prizen’s Ottoman Old Town

- this is a private tour. Unless you are in a big group it will be very costly. For a single person it will cost Rs 30,000 and for a group of 3 - it will cost you Rs 41,000/- for a 10 hour tour.

Moreover I was not too sure whether we will be able to reach in time in Skopje to take this tour - that is why did the tour by using local bus.

However it is cheaper, if you take getyourguide.com : https://www.getyourguide.com/skopje-l2398/from-skopjekosovo-in-a-day-group-tour-to-pristina-prizren-t920408/?ranking_uuid=a0411dca-d902-41c3-bfcb-741c8eb90a71

https://jetsettingfools.com/a-guide-to-visiting-prizren-kosovo/

See the route on Google Maps - https://www.google.hr/

For Skopje tour read this - https://bbqboy.net/wild-wacky-skopje-macedonia-one-strangest-places-weve/

18.10.24 (Friday) - Skopje,North Macedonia > Ohrid, North Macedonia

We were supposed to leave at 7 am for Lake Ohrid and reach Ohrid at 10.30 am. But the bus was late by 2 hours. We used to the opportunity to visit the city of Skopje. We informed our host that we will come late from Ohrid, since it left late. We booked the Flix bus ticket from India, unlike ticket for Prizren. There is no Flix bus to go to Prizren from Skopje.

A Delightful Stroll Through Skopje’s Quirky Charm

While Mohua was taking rest at the bus station, Arindam and me walked all the way to the city centre of Skopje. Our walk from Skopje’s bus station to the city centre turned into an unexpected treasure hunt! The stationary pirate ships converted into restaurants docked along the Vardar River set the tone — playful and surreal. The bright red double-decker bus (straight out of London!) plying the roads added to the whimsy.

As we continued, we discovered the serene Mother Teresa Church and marveled at the imposing Alexander the Great statue, standing proudly in the main square. Even more intriguing were the countless statues of famous Greek philosophers and kings that lined the riverside, creating a fascinating open-air gallery of history and culture.

We had never expected Skopje to be so rich in character and heritage, making our walk along the Vardar River and through the city center an unforgettable surprise! We expected a quiet capital; we found a stage set for an epic (and slightly mad) historical drama!

Know North Macedonia

They pronounce it as Makidonia.

Area & Population

North Macedonia covers about 25,713 km², which is roughly one-third the size of West Bengal (~88,752 km²). Its population is around 1.8 million.

Per Capita Income & Currency

The per capita income is approximately USD 7,500–8,000. The national currency is the Macedonian Denar (MKD). It's per capita income is thrice that of India. But it does not look like that poor or shabby or dirty. People are well mannered. It is just like any other part of Europe. Macedonia was also the most inexpensive place we’ve been in Europe by a long margin.

1 MJD = 1.5 INR

Economy & Industry

The economy is developing and diverse, with key sectors like:

Main industry: Textiles, food processing, chemicals, iron and steel, and tourism.
Main agriculture: Grapes (for wine), tobacco, vegetables, fruits, and cereals.

Ethnicity & Religion

The country is home to Macedonian Slavs (~64%), Albanians (~25%), and smaller communities of Turks, Roma, and Serbs.

Religion is predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christianity (~65%), with a significant Muslim minority (~33%).

Terrain & Migration

North Macedonia is mostly mountainous, with scenic valleys and lakes. Due to economic migration, a large part of its population lives and works abroad — especially in Germany, Switzerland, and Italy.

North Macedonia was part of the former Yugoslavia which included what are now Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro. As part of Yugoslavia it was recognized as the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, one of 6 republics in the country.

When Yugoslavia broke up in 1991 the ‘Socialist” was dropped and the country simply named itself the “Republic of Macedonia”. This immediately caused problems with Greece who’s northernmost region is named “Macedonia”. Still, today, Greece does not recognize the North Macedonia (or Republic of Macedonia). However, I read, unlike Kosovo (from Serbia), it is possible to enter Greece from North Macedonia.

The United Nations lists North Macedonia as the Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia. The few Macedonians (Macedonia is now officially “North Macedonia) we talked to laughed at the ridiculousness of it all.

Macedonia and Greece have also fought a war of words over the Macedonia flag (which was changed in 1995) and over historical figures that North Macedonia has incorporated, but that Greece considers part of their history and culture. Chief among those is Alexander the Great, one of history’s most famous military commanders. You’ll see monuments of him (and his father Philip II) in the city, including his monumental statue in the main square (Macedonia Square).

Greeks claim him as their’s because he was born within Greece’s present day borders (in the Northern part of Greece - region called Macedonia) – North Macedonians argue that they were part of the old Kingdom of Macedon (which included parts of Greece, Macedonia and Bulgaria) and that Greece shouldn’t have exclusive proprietorship of his name. The dispute with Greece continues. Alexander and his Macedonians spoke a Macedonian dialect of Greek, but his conquests spread Attic Greek (the dialect of Athens) as the administrative and cultural language. Alexander’s tutor, Aristotle, taught him Attic Greek. After his death, this evolved into Koine Greek, the "common tongue" of the Hellenistic world (used from Egypt to India).This influence lasted for centuries, becoming the language in which the New Testament was eventually written and helping shape the cultural and intellectual life across the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East.

https://bbqboy.net/wild-wacky-skopje-macedonia-one-strangest-places-weve/

Our bus left for Ohrid at 9.00 amd and dropped us at Ohrid at 1230 hrs. We had a small tea break in between. The place had fog all around. It seemed liked we are in the himalayas for the first time !

Ohrid’s city center and most of its attractions are easily accessible on foot from Bus station. We took a leisurely stroll along the cobblestone streets, explored the narrow alleys, and immersed in the city’s charm. There is walking tour of Ohrid, given in LP.

We walked to the Old Town (also known as Varosh) and Ali Pasha Mosque - a pleasant 15-minute walk from the bus station.

Ali Pasha Mosque: This 18th-century Ottoman mosque is now a cultural centre. We wandered through the narrow streets lined with traditional shops selling souvenirs, handicrafts, and local products.

Then we went past the Robevci House Museum at a small alley. It is a traditional 19th-century Ottoman house turned museum, showcasing local history, culture, and artifacts. There is an entry fee.

Then we visited the Workshop For Handmade Paper Ljupcho Panevski. Ohrid has been printing paper since the 16th century and this museum-cum-shop has one of only two copies of the Gutenberg Press in the world. Staff are on hand to give a demonstration of the paper-making process in excellent English.

Then went to see the Church of St. Sophia. It is a beautiful Byzantine church with impressive frescoes and a peaceful courtyard. We Spent some time admiring the art and architecture. There is an entry fee to enter the Church.

You can follow the path leading up from St. Sophia to Plaošnik - a short 10-minute walk uphill to Plaošnik.This archaeological site is home to the reconstructed Church of St. Clement and Panteleimon and offers stunning views over Lake Ohrid. We did not go to this place.

Walk along the Lakeside Promenade : We enjoyed a leisurely walk along the lakeside promenade.

Then we were headed towards the iconic Church of St. John (or Sveti Jovan) at Kaneo. It is one of Ohrid’s most iconic churches, perched on a cliff overlooking the lake. The views from here are breathtaking. In fact it is the cover page of Lonely Planet ! Should I say more ?

We did not have time to go to Samuil's Fortress. From this ancient fortress one can enjoy panoramic views of the city and Lake Ohrid.

Finally when we visited the Ancient Theatre of Ohrid, it started raining. This well-preserved Hellenistic theatre is a must-see. It offers a glimpse into Ohrid's rich history and provides great photo opportunities.

Return to the Ohrid Bus Station - From there it is a 20-minute walk back to the bus station. We bought some souvenirs. We took the Flix Bus to go back to Skopje.

For Skopje tour read this - https://bbqboy.net/wild-wacky-skopje-macedonia-one-strangest-places-weve/

At the bus station , the husband of the owner of Apartment came to hand over the luggage. We had an unplesant exchange of words for being late. We tried to explain that it was not our fault - since the bus left late.

Vardar Ekspres operates buses between the airport and the city center - which is basically the bus station. The journey takes approximately 30 minutes and costs MKD 199. Skopje Airport is 24 km southeast of the city centre. Tickets can be purchased from the bus station and must be paid for in local currency. There is small and cheap restaurant at the bus station itself.

Buses are timed with most arrivals/departures, except for the early morning ones. We took the 1230 am bus. We reached the airport quite early. Our plane will leave at 0400 hours. We are taking Serbian airlines and it is a budet airlines. The plane will allow only 7 kg hand luggage. We transferred the goods from our luggage to "laptop bag" to make sure that it weighs less than 7.99 Kg. We checked the luggge weight at least 6 times to ensure nothing goes wrong !

https://www.wtransporter.com/#timetable

19.10.24 (Saturday)

https://www.ljubljana.info/airport/bus/

We reached Ljubljana Airport at 8.55 am. We planned to take bus to Ljubljana City Center. It takes approximately 30-40 minutes. But we were told that there is a bus which goes to Lake Bled. So we changed our plan and went stright to Lake Bled - which is further North. But City Centre is in the South.

It takes approx 1 hour to reach lake Bled from Ljubljana Bus Station. We kept our luggage in a left luggage facility at the bus depot cum tourist information centre.

Explore Lake Bled : Arindam and I walked around the Lake, while Mohua was seating on the bench soaking the views. It was possible to take a over priced traditional "pletna" boat to Bled Island and visit the Pilgrimage Church of the Assumption.We did not opt for this. Lake Bled reminded me of Rabindra Sarobar Lake (with an Island in the lake) , but surrounded by forest and hills.

Bled Castle: Perched on a cliff overlooking the lake, Bled Castle offers stunning views .We did not visit Bled Castle.

Take a Bus Back to Ljubljana City Center: Bus from Bled Bus Station to Ljubljana City centre took around 1 hour 30 minutes.

We quickly checked in our hostel. It was difficult to cross the road , since marathon was going on. While Mohua took some much needed rest, Arindam and me left to stroll along the Ljubljanica River, explore and enjoy the evening atmosphere. Ljubljana City centre took me my surprise. I have never seen such a quality of architecture per sq Km anywhere.

Congress Square : A large square surrounded by important buildings like the University of Ljubljana and Philharmonic Hall.

Prešeren Square : The heart of Ljubljana, features the famous Prešeren Monument and Iconic Triple Bridge surrounded by cafes, shops and the picturesque Robba Fountain.

Dragon Bridge : An iconic symbol of Ljubljana with impressive dragon statues.

Central Market : Stroll along the Butcher's Bridge, lined with colorful stalls, and explore the lively Central Market offering fresh produce, local food, and souvenirs.

Ljubljana Cathedral / St. Nicholas's Church : We admired the stunning baroque architecture and interior frescoes.

Town Hall and Robba Fountain : We explore the historic Town Hall and the baroque Robba Fountain.

Ljubljana Castle : You can take the funicular up to the castle for panoramic views and explore the historic fortress. We did not have the time to go there.

Tivoli Park and Metelkova : You can reelax and enjoy the greenery in Ljubljana’s largest park. Or delve into Metelkova, a former military complex transformed into a vibrant cultural hub with street art, museums, and alternative bars. But we did not have time for this.

If you have time, then you can do the following :

# Boat Tour on Ljubljanica River: Enjoy a relaxing cruise on the Ljubljanica River for unique perspectives of the city's architecture and bridges

# National Gallery and Krizanke Complex: Visit the National Gallery to see Slovenian art or explore the Krizanke Complex, a historical monastery with beautiful gardens (both require entrance fees). It is near Congress square.

20.10.24 (Sunday) -21.10.24 (Monday)

Our bus to Venice (Marco Polo Airport) from Ljubljana City Center is at 01 10 hrs and it reached Venice (Marco Polo Airport) at 0435 hrs. From Venice our plane left for Helsinki at 9.50 hours.

We reached Delhi at 0520 hours via Helsinki on Monday and then took another flight to reach Kolkata and went stright to office from the airport.

Friday, September 27, 2024

Finding Nirvana in Yugoslavia 2024

From Zagreb bus stop to Airbnb -7 minutes walk

About Plitvice Lakes National Park

Exploring the Park

Return to Zagreb & Journey to Split

Final Thoughts

A Glimpse into Split’s History

How Many Days in Split?

🏝️ Hvar: A Sun-Kissed Island of History and Beauty - a day Trip to Hvar

🌟 Top Attractions:

Exploring Split’s Old Town & Diocletian’s Palace

Diocletian’s Palace (UNESCO Heritage Site)

Peristyle

The central square of the palace, Peristyle, is surrounded by:

Vestibule

The Cathedral of St. Domnius

Sunset at Riva Promenade

A Day Trip to Trogir & Šibenik: Exploring Croatia’s Coastal Gems

Trogir - A UNESCO-Protected Gem

Landmarks of Trogir

Šibenik: The Hidden Coastal Jewel

Top Attractions in Šibenik

Other Noteworthy Places in Split

Missed Opportunities: Blue Cave & Other Day Trips

Final Thoughts

Final Moments in Split

11.10.24

A Day Trip to Montenegro: History, Beauty, and Reflections on the Past

Montenegro: A Nation Shaped by History

Crossing into Montenegro: A Land of Stunning Beauty

Exploring Kotor: A Medieval Gem

Perast: A Baroque Coastal Town

Returning to Dubrovnik: A Race Against Sunset

Final Thoughts

Geographical Overview

Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

A Legacy of Religious Coexistence and Conflict:

Our Journey: Dubrovnik to Sarajevo

Provalije Waterfall

Počitelj

Kravica Falls

Blagaj Tekke and Buna River Spring

Mostar

Konjic and Jablanica

Sarajevo: The Capital of Resilience

Reflections on Bosnia and Herzegovina

Population and Economy

Historical Overview of Serbia

Belgrade: A City Steeped in History

Remittances (20% of GDP; diaspora in Germany, Switzerland).

Key Challenges

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